Gaming chair mimics a full-motion simulator

Paul Marks, chief technology correspondent

(Image: Greg Pease/Getty)

Multi-million-dollar full-motion flight simulators give trainee pilots a good approximation of the ups and downs of real flight, but the powerful hydraulic rams they are mounted on make them far too big, expensive and dangerous for the home. Gamers should take heart, though: a novel kind of gaming chair called a haptic seat might one day bring them at least some of the sensations of a full-motion simulator.

The idea is predicated on the fact that motion produces certain force effects on your body - you are pressed down into the armrests of your seat as a helicopter, say, moves upwards. So Fabien Danieau of Technicolor in Rennes, France, and colleagues at the nearby INRIA lab reasoned that a chair with armrests and a headrest that can reproduce these effects, in tandem with the strong reinforcing visuals on screen, could mimic complex motion sensations.

To test the idea, they rigged up a chair in which a headrest and two armrests were each moved independently by a commercial game controller called a Novint Falcon which has a strong force-feedback capability. They then wrote simulation software that uses the Novint system to move the armrests up slightly to make you feel you are dropping - and vice versa. Moving one armrest more than the other, meanwhile, makes users feel they are rolling to one side. Push the headrest forward a tad and you'll feel you've slowed down quickly - or pull it back a bit and you'll feel your head is being dragged back by acceleration.

All three units can be moved at once to provide more complex motion sensations like rolling as speed changes, too. In tests, the team let 17 volunteers try out the system: they reported a "realistic sensation of self motion". The plan now is to extend the number of actuators to boost believability: "The prototype could be extended by adding more points of stimulation, for instance, for the legs," the team say in their paper.

The jury-rigged system they put together looks odd, with the force-feedback units mounted on a steel frame surrounding the chair, but the idea is that the tech could one day be built invisibly into a commercial gaming chair "to simulate a sensation of motion in a consumer environment". There are other ideas that could be built into future chairs, too: creepy chair-back vibrators that introduce spine-tingling effects are in development by Disney, for instance. The team presented their work at a conference on virtual reality in Toronto, Canada, last week.

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Coal use set to surpass oil in a decade: IEA

PARIS: Coal is set to surpass oil as the world's top fuel within a decade, driven by growth in emerging market giants China and India, with even Europe finding it hard to cut use despite pollution concerns, according to a report published Tuesday.

"Thanks to abundant supplies and insatiable demand for power from emerging markets, coal met nearly half of the rise in global energy demand during the first decade of the 21st century," said Maria van der Hoeven, head of the International Energy Agency.

Economic growth is expected to push up further coal's share of the global energy mix, "and if no changes are made to current policies, coal will catch oil within a decade," she said in a statement.

The latest IEA projections see coal consumption nearly catching oil consumption in four years time, rising to 4.32 billion tonnes of oil equivalent in 2017 against 4.4 billion tonnes for oil.

That has consequences for climate change as coal produces far more carbon emissions responsible for global warming than other fuels.

But the IEA report on coal found that even countries which have committed themselves to reducing carbon emissions are finding it difficult to resist the renewed allure of coal.

A number of European countries have seen their use of coal for electricity consumption jump at the beginning of this year, including by 65 per cent in Spain, 35 per cent in Britain and 8 per cent in Germany.

The shale gas boom in the United States has led to a slump in coal prices there and subsequently on the market in Europe, where natural gas remains expensive.

This gave a price advantage to coal beginning last year, with the low price of polluting in Europe's emission trading scheme also a contributing factor.

"Low coal prices, supported by a low (emissions) price resulted in a significant gas-to-coal switch in Europe," said the report.

European countries have been slow to exploit shale gas deposits, concerned about possible environmental damage, but the IEA pointed out that the US experience shows that tapping it can bring benefits from lower coal use as well as lower electricity costs.

"Europe, China and other regions should take note," said van der Hoeven.

Moreover, the IEA report doesn't foresee within the next five years the widespread take-up of technology to capture and store underground carbon emissions from burning coal.

Van der Hoeven warned that "coal faces the risk of a potential climate policy backlash" unless there is technological progress or a replication of the US experience.

The IEA, the energy advisory arm of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development of 34 industrialised nations, sees non-OECD developing countries as driving the increase in coal consumption due to population growth and rising electricity consumption as their economies grow and modernise.

In its baseline scenario, the IEA sees rapid increases in power generation making India the second-largest coal consumer in 2017, displacing the United States where the shale gas boom makes coal uncompetitive.

Chinese coal consumption is forecast to account for more than half of global demand by 2014, with the country also displacing the United States as the biggest coal polluter on a per-capita basis.

The IEA sees China's coal demand increasing by an average of 3.7 per cent per year to 3,190 million tonnes of coal equivalent in 2017.

Even in the case of a slowdown in the breakneck growth in the Chinese economy the IEA sees the country's use of coal growing by 2 per cent per year, as well as the overall coal market growing.

The agency said that given its position developments in the Chinese market would largely determine the course of the global coal market, saying: "China is coal. Coal is China."

The IEA believes that current mining and port expansion projects are sufficient to meet China's rising needs, but expressed concern if the current low prices and uncertainties about the economic outlook make investors overly cautious.

Cancellations or a slowdown in "development projects might lead to tightened international coal markets" in the next five years, the IEA warned.

The report sees only the United States making reductions on coal-based carbon emissions on per capita and per economic output measures thanks to cheap gas displacing coal.

Increased coal use pushes up China's emissions on a per capita basis, displacing the United States as the top polluter.

However. China is also seen as making the most gains in emissions efficiency, followed by the United States.

Neither the Europe nor India are forecast to make considerable gains in emissions efficiency.

- AFP/fa

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Gangnam Style, Barack vs Mitt among YouTube top 2012 videos

The Gangnam style craze grabbed the top spot among YouTube's most popular videos of 2012.

(Credit:
YouTube/Screenshot by Lance Whitney/CNET)

YouTube watchers kept busy this year checking out videos related to Gangnam Style, the presidential elections, and Facebook parenting for the troubled teen.

Rewinding back through 2012, YouTube yesterday posted its list of the top ten trending videos for the year.

A video devoted to Korea's Gangnam style craze took the top spot. A music video of the song "Somebody that I Used to Know" by Canadian band Walk off the Earth took second place.

Along going viral this year and taking third place was Kony 2012, a video campaign urging the capture and arrest of Ugandan militia leader Joseph Kony, on the run after his indictment for war crimes.

A music video of "Call Me Maybe" by Carly Rae Jepsen was next on the list.

In fifth place was a rap take on the presidential election, featuring actors portraying Barack Obama and Mitt Romney engaged in a rapper's debate to see who emerges the winner.

The next video started with a large red button placed in a simple square in a town in Belgium, which was soon followed by the chaos of an ambulance, a fight, a police shooting, football players, and a woman on a motorcycle with not much in the way of clothes. In the end, it all turned out to be a promo for TNT.

Video No. 7 was called "Why you asking all them questions," while video No. 8 featured a violin performance among landscapes of snow and ice.

In ninth place was the infamous video of a father who wasn't too happy with his daughter's latest Facebook comment and shot up her laptop in response.

And finally, Felix Baumgartner's supersonic freefall from 128,000 feet above the earth closed out the list.

YouTube seemed impressed by the variety of videos that made the top ten list.

"Millions of creators are using YouTube channels to experiment with innovative forms of entertainment, explore their passions and interests, and take creativity and pop culture to new levels," YouTube said in yesterday's blog. "2012's top trending videos showcase this creative ingenuity in ways we'd never before thought possible."

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GRAIL Mission Goes Out With a Bang

Jane J. Lee

On Friday, December 14, NASA sent their latest moon mission into a death spiral. Rocket burns nudged GRAIL probes Ebb and Flow into a new orbit designed to crash them into the side of a mountain near the moon's north pole today at around 2:28 p.m. Pacific standard time. NASA named the crash site after late astronaut Sally Ride, America's first woman in space.

Although the mountain is located on the nearside of the moon, there won't be any pictures because the area will be shadowed, according to a statement from NASA' Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.

Originally sent to map the moon's gravity field, Ebb and Flow join a long list of man-made objects that have succumbed to a deadly lunar attraction. Decades of exploration have left a trail of debris intentionally crashed, accidentally hurtled, or deliberately left on the moon's surface. Some notable examples include:

Ranger 4 - Part of NASA's first attempt to snap close-up pictures of the moon, the Ranger program did not start off well. Rangers 1 through 6 all failed, although Ranger 4, launched April 23, 1962, did make it as far as the moon. Sadly, onboard computer failures kept number 4 from sending back any pictures before it crashed. (See a map of all artifacts on the moon.)

Fallen astronaut statue - This 3.5-inch-tall aluminum figure commemorates the 14 astronauts and cosmonauts who had died prior to the Apollo 15 mission. That crew left it behind in 1971, and NASA wasn't aware of what the astronauts had done until a post-flight press conference.

Lunar yard sale - Objects jettisoned by Apollo crews over the years include a television camera, earplugs, two "urine collection assemblies," and tools that include tongs and a hammer. Astronauts left them because they needed to shed weight in order to make it back to Earth on their remaining fuel supply, said archivist Colin Fries of the NASA History Program Office.

Luna 10 - A Soviet satellite that crashed after successfully orbiting the moon, Luna 10 was the first man-made object to orbit a celestial body other than Earth. Its Russian controllers had programmed it to broadcast the Communist anthem "Internationale" live to the Communist Party Congress on April 4, 1966. Worried that the live broadcast could fail, they decided to broadcast a recording of the satellite's test run the night before—a fact they revealed 30 years later.

Radio Astronomy Explorer B - The U.S. launched this enormous instrument, also known as Explorer 49, into a lunar orbit in 1973. At 600 feet (183 meters) across, it's the largest man-made object to enter orbit around the moon. Researchers sent it into its lunar orbit so it could take measurements of the planets, the sun, and the galaxy free from terrestrial radio interference. NASA lost contact with the satellite in 1977, and it's presumed to have crashed into the moon.

(Learn about lunar exploration.)

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Multidimensional black holes get electric when flexed

Bending a black hole can juice it up. In extra dimensions, a black hole behaves like a fluid and a solid at the same time, and flexing the solid form may generate an electric field.

Although these effects exist only in the theoretical realm, the underlying equations could help us puzzle out some of the real-world properties of the hot, superdense matter that existed right after the big bang.

In our four-dimensional universe – three of space and one of time – black holes occupy single points in space-time. String theory says that if you add a fifth dimension, the black hole becomes a black string. Adding a sixth yields a sheet, or a "black brane".

This multidimensional universe has a boundary, which when described mathematically looks a lot like the equations for quark-gluon plasma, a primordial form of matter that can be created fleetingly in particle accelerators but which can be too chaotic to study directly. Effects at this boundary also apply to black brane behaviour, which means branes can be used to glean the properties of quark-gluon plasma.

Brane bender

But describing black branes requires Einstein's equations, which are complex and unwieldy, says Joan Camps at the University of Cambridge, who was not involved in the new work. So one trick is to try to describe them as ordinary materials.

Previously, physicists showed that black branes follow the mathematics of fluid dynamics, which in turn allowed them to accurately predict the viscosity of quark-gluon plasma.

Now Jay Armas of Copenhagen University in Denmark and colleagues have shown that black branes can behave like solids as well. If the black brane has an electric charge, bending it converts mechanical stress into an electric field, as in piezoelectric materials. Armas hopes the results will yield further insights into quark-gluon plasma.

"This kind of black hole can be approximated by materials," Camps says. "This is new progress, and it's progress that you can formulate in terms of ordinary concepts."

Journal reference: Physical Review Letters, doi.org/j2c

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Government can help in training of foreign workers: SNEF

SINGAPORE: The Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) says the government can help in defraying the cost of training foreign workers.

In an interview with MediaCorp, SNEF president Stephen Lee said the federation is in discussions with various agencies to see how this can be done.

Mr Lee pointed out that the productivity of foreign workers must be raised in order for Singapore to achieve its long term productivity target of 2 to 3 per cent.

To recruit better skilled workers, the federation says a few industries are working with the authorities to implement a stricter pre-selection process where workers are tested for their skills before they arrive in Singapore.

Construction workers like Umesh Sundaram survives on less than S$300 a month. He earns about S$1,100 a month and sends most of it to his family in India.

The 25-year-old hopes he can earn more as his skills improves.

"I'd like to go for training to be more productive, so it can increase my salary," said Umesh.

The Workforce Development Agency (WDA) tells MediaCorp that only a small number of foreign workers are sent for training by their companies.

Mr Lee said foreign workers, who represent one third of the workforce, cannot be neglected.

"We must have some programmes to train foreign workers. Those who are already here, (we can) re-train them, to upgrade their skills...the more sensitive question is: who will take up the tab for this training?" he said.

"We are in discussions with various agencies to see how they can do that without putting undue burden on the government's training expenses," he added.

The government currently does not provide direct training subsidies for foreign workers.

Labour chief Lim Swee Say pointed out that employers are ultimately responsible for improving the productivity of migrant workers.

"The ownership of upgrading every worker cannot be with the government, or the tripartite partners, it has to be with the management," he said.

Observers noted that some companies hire foreign workers on short-term contracts, which reduce the incentive to send them for training.

However they pointed out that there were many reasons to train workers who stay with the company longer; HR experts believe foreign workers will be able to earn more when their productivity increases and can take on greater responsibilities.

"Cost is always a major consideration for any business and if the company has to come out with additional cost to train these foreign workers and with very minimal productivity gains, then it won't be (much of an incentive)," said Ronald Lee, managing director of PrimeStaff Management Services.

"However, if the government does come by and also support and provide finances to supplement this training, then it will be easier to incentivise the employers to provide more training," he said.

- CNA/jc

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Poll: Did you like the smoother, HFR Hobbit?

If you're one of the many, many people who saw "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey" over the weekend, chances are you didn't see the film exactly as the director, Peter Jackson, intended.

But if you were, please let us know whether you liked it by voting in the poll.

The Hobbit is the first major film to be released in a higher-frame-rate 3D version called HFR. Unlike traditional releases, which are shot and shown at 24-frames-per-second, the HFR Hobbit comes in at 48.

Jackson said he preferred viewers watch the HFR version if they could, although he admits it's an "experiment." Only about ten percent of the more than 4,000 theaters showing the film have an HFR screen available, and the look of the higher frame rate is controversial. You can check out our full report here.

The short story is that Thorin and Co. look smoother in HFR than you're used to seeing in traditional presentations, and whether that's a good or a bad thing depends largely on personal taste. So let us know yours, and elaborate in comments if you'd like.

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Grave Obstacle to Chinese Construction Boom

A.R. Williams

China's construction boom waits for no one, dead or alive. In the city of Taiyuan (map) that means a multistory residential complex is taking shape around a lone grave, which now sits atop a tower of mud about 30 feet (10 meters) above the building's excavated foundations.

The family of the deceased—buried there in 2004—has refused an offer of 1,000,000 yuan (about $160,000) to compensate them for the land. Chinese news reports say they can't understand why the developer chose this particular spot and have asked for an explanation. Meanwhile, the construction crew is sticking to their schedule, working toward an April 2013 completion date.

In similar situations around the country, people sometimes resist vacating their homes to make way for large-scale projects such as hotels, factories, and shopping malls. Typically, a developer will start work anyway, turning the home into what's known as a "nail house"—a single building that sticks up in the middle of a construction site like a stubborn nail in a board.

The homeowner may hang on for a time, even with the electricity and water turned off, but eventually the developer offers enough money, takes possession of the house, and tears it down. In a widely reported recent case, an elderly duck farmer and his wife refused to move from their home in the village of Xiayangzhang (map) to make way for a road. After four lanes of asphalt were laid down around the building, the owners accepted a payment of 260,000 yuan ($41,000) and a plot of land for a new house. Their old home was demolished on December 1.

(Related: "European Man Found in Ancient Chinese Tomb, Study Finds")

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Newtown Couple Vow to Live for Dead Daughter

The parents of Jessica Rekos, a 6-year-old girl who died during the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., said they are committed to keeping their daughter's memory alive despite their pain.

"We will talk about her every day, we will live for her," Krista Rekos told ABC News. "We will make sure her brother knows what an amazing person she was."

Richard and Krista Rekos say that talking about Jessica, who loved horseback riding and whom they called the CEO of their family, brings tiny moments of comfort.

CLICK HERE for full coverage of the massacre at the elementary school.

"Jessica loved writing, and she would often leave us little notes all over the house," Rekos said. "They would just say, 'I love you so much.'

"She was a ball of fire, she ruled the roost," Krista Rekos said.

When the call came Friday morning that Sandy Hook Elementary was on lockdown, Krista Rekos rushed in disbelief through the town where she and her husband were raised, a place they had always felt safe.

"I was running, and I kept thinking, 'I'm coming for you honey, I'm coming,'" she said, choking up.

CLICK HERE to read about the "hero teacher," the principal and 20 children who lost their lives.

First Sandy Hook Shooting Victims to Be Buried Watch Video

Adam Lanza: Who Was Elementary School Shooter? Watch Video

Richard Rekos said they initially had little information on what had happened.

"We had no idea at that point," he said. "We thought, OK, the reports are that one or two people may have been injured and taken to hospitals. There was still hope, that the children were hiding, there was still so much hope at that point."

The couple said that they walked around the firehouse, thinking that maybe Jessica had been taken there.

"I knew exactly what she was wearing, and I was hoping to see her little ponytail run around the corner, and her jacket and her black glittery Uggs that she had on that morning," Krista Rekos said.

Finally, around 1:15 p.m., everyone was asked to sit down, and a police officer said 20 children had been killed.

"We couldn't get a straight answer," Richard Rekos said. "There's so much panic and confusion when that announcement was made, the life was just sucked out of the room. And you know, I just point-blank found a state trooper and said, 'Are you telling me that standing here as a parent that my daughter is gone?' And he said, 'Yes.'"

The Rekoses were asked to stay at the firehouse to identify their daughter's body but, overcome with grief, they left in disbelief. The couple went home, and got into their daughter's bed, staying there until about 1 a.m., they said.

At that point there was a knock on the door and a police officer said that Jessica was dead.

"It just confirmed the nightmare, it's not real," Krista Rekos said. "It's still not real that my little girl who's so full of life and wants a horse so badly, and who was going to get cowboy boots for Christmas, isn't coming home."

The couple said the pain is just settling in. But equally strong is their commitment to keeping their daughter's memory alive.

The parents said that their 6-year old family powerhouse, with an enormous heart, will forever be their angel who left behind love notes that are still being found.

"This morning I found a little journal, and it was exactly what I needed, because it says, 'I love you so much momma, love Jessica,'" her mother said.

"It was like she was telling me she was watching us and she knows how hard this must be for us, and she wants us to know she loved us, and she knows how much she was loved."

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Zebrafish made to grow pre-hands instead of fins

PERHAPS the little fish embryo shown here is dancing a jig because it has just discovered that it has legs instead of fins. Fossils show that limbs evolved from fins, but a new study shows how it may have happened, live in the lab.

Fernando Casares of the Spanish National Research Council and his colleagues injected zebrafish with the hoxd13 gene from a mouse. The protein that the gene codes for controls the development of autopods, a precursor to hands, feet and paws.

Zebrafish naturally carry hoxd13 but produce less of the protein than tetrapods - all four-limbed vertebrates and birds - do. Casares and his colleagues hoped that by injecting extra copies of the gene into the zebrafish embryos, some of their cells would make more of the protein.

One full day later, all of those fish whose cells had taken up the gene began to develop autopods instead of fins. They carried on growing for four days but then died (Cell, DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.10.015).

"Of course, we haven't been able to grow hands," says Casares. He speculates that hundreds of millions of years ago, the ancestors of tetrapods began expressing more hoxd13 for some reason and that this could have allowed them to evolve autopods.

If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.

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